nfdf]
;dokl5 ;/sf/n] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf] dfldnfnfO{ Jojxfl/s¿kdf ;dfwfg ug{ eg]/
ljw]os tof/ u/]sf] 5 . of] ljifo olt xtf/f]df ug{ nfluPsf] 5 ls kLl8t /
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr rrf{ ug{ @)&% c;f/ & ut] cfof]lht a}7sdf sfg"g
dGqLn] cfˆgf] /fo k|:t't ug{ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ !% lbgsf] ;do lbg' eof] . clxn]sf]
a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] 5fgljg, ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u P]gnfO{ ;fpg ^
ut]leq k|lt:yflkt ug}{kg]{ afWotfdf ;/sf/ /x]sf] a'lemG5 . ljw]os tof/Ldf
;+nUgx¿n] k|:t't v];|fnfO{ lh/f]–8«fˆ6 -z"Go–v];|f_ dfg]/ ;'emfa lbg cfu|x ug{' eof] . To;otf /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ pQm v];|fsf af/]df cg]s sf]0faf6 5nkmndf Jo:t 5g\ . /fd|f] s'/f s] ePsf] 5 eg] ;a} 5nkmnx¿ kLl8t kIfsf] ;ª\ul7t g]t[Tjdf eO/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L txdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] ;s[otf 5 / pxfFx¿n] cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf / lgsfox¿;Fu klg k/fdz{ ug{' ePsf] 5 . t/ emG8} (* k|ltzt kLl8t hf] /fhwfgL aflx/ 5g\ pgLx¿sxfF;Dd of] rrf{ k'Ug ;Sg] 5fF6 5}g . / w]/} jif{b]lv srlN6Psf] dfldnf eP/ xf]nf cfd rf;f]df klg of] ljw]os cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
ljw]osn] /fd|f s'/fx¿ klg
;d]6]sf] 5 . ljifonfO{ lj:tfl/t u/]sf] 5 . uDeL/ k|s[ltsf pNnª\3gsf dfldnfnfO{
cem ;l6s 9ª\un] ;d]6]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gsf cGo sfo{nfO{ ;d]t pNn]v
u/]sf] 5 . kL8snfO{ kLl8t;dIf ck/fw sa'n ug{ k|f]T;flxt u/]sf] 5 .
kl/k"/0fnfO{ kLl8tsf] clwsf/sf] ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5 / kl/k"/0f;Fu
;DalGwt lg0f{o ubf{ kLl8tsf] ;ª\ul7t ;xeflutfsf] dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf] 5 . a]kQf
JolQmsf] ;DklQsf] pkof]u pgsf kl/jf/n] ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . kl/l:ylthGo
k|df0fnfO{ klg 7f]; k|df0fsf ¿kdf ljz]if cbfntn] :jLsfg{ ;Sg] elgPsf] 5 .
kL8ssf] klxrfg gePsf] t/ kLl8t ePsf] cj:yfdf klg kl/k"/0fsf] clwsf/ /
;fd'bflos kl/k"/0f ;d]tsf] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . cfw'lgs ljZjdf rngdf
/x]sf] / g]kfnn] gLltut ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] v'nf–sf/fuf/sf] pkfo / pQm
sf/fuf/sf] cjlwe/ kL8sn] cfˆgf] tf]lsPsf] :yfg xbdf ;fd'bflos ;]jf dfkm{t s}b
cjlw u'hfg{'kg]{ cg'zf;gdf afFw]sf] 5 . 36gfsf] ufDeLo{tf x]/L kL8snfO{ x'g]
s}bdf, h; cGtu{t v'nf h]n cjlw :jtM u0fgf x'g]5, To;df 7"nf] /fxt k|bfg
ul/Psf] 5 . uDeL/ k|s[ltsf dfldnfdf sfg"gsf] e"tnIfL k|of]u ul/g]
k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . of}ghGo lx+;f / oftgf kLl8tsf nflu of] ;Gtf]ifsf] ljifo
xf] . clxn];Dd kL8skIfn] …xfdL ;a}nfO{ ‰ofnvfgfdf sf]Rg vf]lhof]Ú eGb} h'g
l97\ofOF ub}{ cfPsf lyP ca Tof] grNg] dgzfo /fv]sf] 5 . To;sf ;fy} åGåsf
sf/0fsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L /fli6«o b:tfj]h agfpg] k|ltj4tf klg of] ljw]os
dfkm{t k|s6 ePsf] 5 . pNn]lvt p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ sfo{ljlwsf ¿kdf kLl8t /
kL8saLrsf] ;xdlt k|fKt ug]{ . 36gfsf] kl/l:ylthGo k|df0f :yflkt ug]{ . kL8snfO{
hjfkmb]lxtf :jLsf/ ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ . uDeL/ k|s[ltsf 36gfdf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL l;kmfl/; ug]{ . kL8sn] u/]sf] ck/fwsf] ufDeLo{tf
x]/L sf/afxLdf 5'6 ug]{ . /, ;To cGj]if0f tyf 5fglag ug]{ sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L
;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo cfof]unfO{ x'g]5 eg] ToxfFaf6 ePsf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{non] ljz]if cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug]{ 5 . ljz]if cbfntsf]
km};nfdf lrQ ga'emfPsf kLl8tn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf u7g ul/g] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg
Gofo;DaGwL ljz]if a]Grdf ckLn ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . pNn]lvt bkmfjf/ jfSox¿ x]bf{
k|:tfljt ljw]os ljutsf] t'ngfdf /fd|f] 5 . /, lxhf]sf] åGåsf kIfx¿ ;fRr}
OdfGbf/ eP/ /fi6«sf] a[xt lxtnfO{ cª\uLsf/ ug{ tTk/ eOlbP g]kfnL ;dfhn] dof{bf
/ :jtGqtfsf] gofF cfofdsf] cg'e"lt ug]{ 5 .
uDeL/ ;jfn oxfFg]/ p7\5 .
s] lxhf]sf lj›f]xL / ;/sf/kIf a[xt /fli6«o lxtsf] pgLx¿sf] 3f]lift cfu|x cg'¿k
gful/s dof{bfsf nflu cfˆgf] sd{–s"sd{k|lt kZrftfk ug{ tof/ 5g\ < ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg
Gofosf] rf/ :tDe ;Tosf] cGj]if0f, kl/k"/0fsf] clwsf/, cleof]hgsf]
ljZj;lgotf / ljutsf] 36gf gbf]xf]l/g] ;'lglZrttf s;/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsPnf <
clxn]sf] oIf k|Zg oxL g} xf] . kLl8tx¿ Gofo / /fxtsf nflu ef}+tfl/Psf] Ps bzs
gfl3;Sof] . cTofrf/ ug]{ ;'/Iffkmf}h / ;/sf/L k|zf;s ynf]af6 plxn] ;?jf eO;s] .
lj›f]xL kIfsf kL8s pxL 7fpFdf emg\ 7"nf] bhf{ / x}sdsf ;fy lj/fhdfg 5g\ .
ev{/} s}b 5'6 kfP/ h]naf6 d'Qm x'gf;fy Hofgdf/fsf] ;hfo kfPsf afns[i0f 9'+u]nn]
h;/L GofosdL{ / dfgj clwsf/sdL{nfO{ kf6L{ sfof{nosf] d~r k|of]u u/]/ dgk/L ufnL
ul//x] To:tf afns[i0fx¿ ef]ln ;fd'bflos ;]jf ug]{ axfgfdf v'nf–h]nsf] ;hfo
e'Qmfg ug{ ufFp k:bf s:tf] qflxdfd xf]nf < v'nf–h]n a:g]sf] lgoldt cg'udg
ug]{ / s}bLsf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf s] x'g] eGg] af/]df sfg"g df}g 5 .
åGå kZrftsf ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg
Gofosf] ljifo b]zsf] P]ltxfl;s dfq xf]Og ljZj s'6gLltsf lx;fan] ax't} ;+j]bgzLn
ljifo xf] . To;dfly ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3b]vL h'g;'s} alnof b]zn] x]Kg–ldRg kfpg]
lgD5/f] agfOPsf] b]z g]kfndf 7"nf s'/f u/]/ efFhf] xfNg]sf] sdL x'g] s'/}
xf]Og . cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gn] s:tf] ck/fwdf slt ;hfo x'g'k5{ eGg] af/]df
af]Nb}g . b]z}lkR5] ;hfosf] dfqf / k|s[lt km/s x'g ;S5 . k/Dk/fut k|rngdf /x]sf
tl/sf ckgfP/ ul/Psf] d]nldnfknfO{ klg dfGotf 5 . cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo
sfg"gsf] ;femf wf/f # n] kl/eflift u/]sf] o'4;DaGwL ck/fw;d]t ToxL
sfg"gsf] cfwf/df ;hfosf] bfo/fdf cfpFb}g lsgsL Tof] a]nfdf ;hfosf] s'/f
n]lvPsf] lyPg . k|:tfljt v];|f–ljw]os x]bf{ o;n] d"n sfg"gsf] :j¿k t
lnPsf] 5 t/ c¿ ;xfos jf cfwf/–sfg"g -kmfpG8];gn–n_ gagL o;n] k"0f{tf
kfpg] b]lvGg . ljz]if kl/l:ylthGo ;d:ofsf] ljlzi6 ;dfwfg;Fu dfq
;DalGwt ePsf] x'gfn] ;hfo lg?k0f ubf{ kmf}hbf/L ck/fw ;+lxtfcg';f/ x'g] afx]s
;hfodf 5'6 nufot ;Dk"0f{ ljifo ;d]6]sf] sfg"g aGg ;s]df dfq cGof}n
x6\g]5 . ljw]ossf] k|fjwfg o:tf] nfU5 ls dxfGofoflwjQmf / ljz]if
cbfntn] cfˆgf] ljj]s k|of]u u/]/ h] lg0f{o klg ug{ ;S5g\ . t/ Gofod"lt{x¿n]
To;/L lg0f{o ub}{gg\ . ebf}b]lv nfu' x'g] gofF d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtfdfkm{t k|i6tf
cfpg] clek|fo /flvPsf] xf]nf t/ ;a} ljifo TolQn] ;d]6\b}g . sfg"gsf] e"tnIfL
k|of]u xfd|f] ;+ljwfgn] lbFb}g . ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgfdf …dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3gsf]
sfo{df ;+nUg JolQm pk/ dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf cfwf/e"t
dfGotf tyf ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf dfGo l;4fGtsf] clwgdf /xL ljz]if cbfntdf d'2f
rnfO{ ;hfo ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ug{sf nflu ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf cfwf/e"t kIfx¿nfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{ u/L PsLs[t sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ jfG5gLo ePsf]n]Ú elgPsf] 5 . t/
cfˆg} ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] k|ltkflbt u/]sf] km};nf / ghL/ ;lDemP/ …;jf]{Rr cbfntsf
km};nfx¿sf dWo]gh/Ú klg eg]sf] eP of] xfd|f] cfˆg} ;|f]t / 1fgdf cfwfl/t 5 eGg]
;+b]z hfg] lyof] . ;z:q åGåsf sf/0fsf] ljj]rgf u/L eljiodf dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gsf
36gf x'g glbg] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu ul/g' kg]{ gLltut, sfg"gL tyf ;+:yfut
;'wf/sf] ;DaGwdf l;kmfl/; ug]{ bfloTj kfPsf] cfof]udf tt\;DaGwL OsfO{ jf Ifdtf
s;/L ;'lglZrt ul/g] xf] < of] ax'cfoflds sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ljlzi6 r]tgf, ljj]s
/ Ifdtfsf] k|aGw x'g' h?/L 5 . z/L/ aGws, cª\ueª\u, ;DklQ n'6kf6, cfuhgL /
lj:yfkgnfO{ dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gsf cGo sfo{ cGtu{t kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 . cyf{t
of] auL{s/0fdf kg]{n] ;hfodf Jofks 5'6 kfpg] 5g\ . kL8ssf] clen]v ;fj{hlgs
ug]{, # jif{;Dd aflx/ ofqf ug{ /
;fj{hlgs lgsfodf efu lng gkfpg] cflb lgif]wfTds k|aGw klg ul/Psf] 5 . t/
kL8ssf] gful/s clen]vdf btf{ ug]{ s'/f pNn]lvt 5}g h'g gful/s kl/ro–kq ljt/0f
ubf{ klg Vofn ug{' kg]{ s'/f xf] . Ps} 36gfdf uDeL/ pNnª\3g / a]kQf b'j} k/]sf]
/x]5 eg] To;sf] 5fglag / sf/afxLsf] k|lqmof km/s–km/s lgsfo jf OsfO{n] s;/L
;DkGg ug]{ x'g\ eGg] af/]df klg k|i6tf 5}g . d'Vo s'/f P]gdf kl/k"/0fsf] lj:t[t
kl/efiff 5}g . k|:tfjgfdf cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf dfGo
l;4fGt elg;s]kl5 To;}cg';f/ s]xL a'Fbf yKbf kl/k"/0fsf] kl/efiffnfO{
k"0f{tf lbg ;lsG5 . lhNnf tyf pRr cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg åGåsf qmddf ePsf
dfldnfsf d'2f :jtM ljz]if cbfntdf ;g]{ elgPsf] 5 . ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf] klxnf]
zt{ kLl8tsf] ;Gt'li6 xf] . t/ oxfF kLl8tsf] ;xdltnfO{ jf:tf ul/Psf] 5}g . ck/fw
sa'n ug]{n] ;hfosf] &% k|ltzt / sa'n gug]{n] ^) k|ltzt;Dd ;hfodf 5'6 kfpg]
s'/f elgPsf] 5 . of] 5'6sf] ;Ldf sa'n gug]{sf] xsdf w]/} sd x'g' kg]{ xf] .
hDdf !% k|ltztsf 5'6sf nflu lsg ck/fw sa'n unf{g\ < bkmf !& n] k|i6 ¿kdf Ifdfbfg lbg kof{Kt cfwf/ / sf/0f gb]lvPsf
dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g / dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gsf cGo sfo{df ;+nUgnfO{
Ifdfbfgsf] l;kmfl/; ul/g] 5}g eg]sf] 5 . of] ;a}eGbf k|i6 / lgle{s k|fjwfg xf]
. kL8saf6 xhf{gf e/fpg] / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf ph'/L nfUg] k|aGwn] s]xL
cfzf hufpnf . t/ cGt/f{li6«o cEof;, ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt / kL8sn] ug{'
kg]{ ;fd'bflos ;]jf nufot cg]s ljifodf sfg"g gag'Gh]n km]/L klg cGof]n
/lx/xg ;S5 . ;hfodf ^) / &% k|ltzt;Dd 5'6 lbg] s'/f dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
l;kmfl/z / ljz]if cbfntsf] ;jf{lwsf/df /fv]/ klg x'Fb}g . To;sf] cfwf/x¿ v'n:t
x'g' k5{ .
of] sfg"gn] b]vfPsf] af6f]df
cl3 ;g]{ xf] eg] ;a}eGbf klxn] åGåsf b'j} kIfsf gfosx¿n] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf kZrftfk
/ Ifdfofrgfaf6 yfngL ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . kLl8tsf] ljZjf; cfh{g ug{' clxn]sf] d'Vo
r'gf}lt xf] h;nfO{ of] ljw]osn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . of] r'gf}ltnfO{ åGåsf gfosx¿n]
s;/L cfTd;ft u5{g\ To;}df ljw]ossf] ;kmntf e/ k5{ .
ljw]osn] cfd kLl8tsf] ljZjf;
k|fKt ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo cfof]usf] sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . t/ clxn];Dd dfgj ;+zfwgb]vL
k|fljlws ¿kdf klg ck'/f] / c;Ifd /x]sf cfof]ux¿nfO{ ;Ifd agfpg],
kl/k"/0fsf] dfldnfdf kLl8td'vL lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] agfpg]tkm{ ug{'kg]{ sfd
au|]NtL 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgod agfpg] 5 / sfd sf/afxLsf]
ljifodf cfof]un] lgb]{lzsf tyf sfo{ljlw agfpg ;Sg]5 dfq eg]/ k'Ub}g . dfly elgP
h:t} of] d"n sfg"gnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ cjojsf ¿kdf /x]sf cGo cfwf/–sfg"g jf kmfpG8];gn sfg"gx¿ klg ;fy;fy} agfpg'sf]
;§f ;Dk"0f{ ljifo ;d]6/ of] ljw]osnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg' h?/L 5 . cGTodf
of] ljw]os tof/ ubf{ Vofn ug{ 5'6]sf] s'/f s] 5 eg] kLl8t / kL8snfO{ dfq kfq
dfGbf åGåsfnLg t';sf] lgK6f/f x'Fb}g . g]kfn h:tf] Ps cfk;df cGof]Gofl>t
;DaGw ePsf] ;dfhdf emg} x'Fb}g . ;fd'bflos kl/k"/0f nufot kL8snfO{ ;xdltdf
Nofpg] b[li6sf]0fn] klg ;To cGj]if0f, tYo pb\3f6g / kl/k"/0f x/]s sfo{df kLl8tsf]
;dfhnfO{ cyf{t 36gf 36]sf] 7fpFsf] ;dfhnfO{ klg ;+nUg u/fpg' clgjfo{ 5 .
@)&% c;f/ !#
