Sunday, February 26, 2012

गिरिजाबाबुलाइ सम्झँदा




मैले ०४२ साल देखि गिरिजा बाबु संग संगत गरेँ. प्रजातान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय एकता मंचले पंचायती निर्वाचन लाइ उपयोग गर्ने नीति लिएपछि देशभरिका बामपंथी संग तालमेल गर्दै तत्कालिन नेकपा(माले) ले पंचायती चुनावमा असल मानिस हरुलाई जिताएर पंचायतमा हस्तक्षेप गर्ने नीति लियो. राष्ट्रिय पंचायतमा जितेका पाँच जना त्यस्ता जनपक्षिय सदस्य हरुले राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायत भित्रै बहुदलको माग सम्म पनि गरे. स्थानीय चुनावमा भाग लिएका हरुले तत्कालिन भ्रष्टाचार र निरंकुश प्रशासनको बिरुद्ध निर्भिक भएर बोले पनि. तर कतिपय पदाधिकारीहरु डर वा लालचमा पनि परे. तर यो हस्तक्षेपको कार्यनीतिले आम जनतामा पञ्चायतकालीन मनपरीको भण्डाफोर गर्न मद्दत चाहिं पुय्राएकै हो. बिभिन्न बीचार राख्ने र  बिभिन्न दलका दर्शन प्रति आस्थावानहरु को २० हजार भन्दा बढीको जमातले बोलि, वचन र व्यवहार बाटै जनतामा हौसला बढाए. ०४५ को जनआन्दोलनको बेलामा पंचायती चुनावमा उठेका र जितेका वा हारेका सबैजसो बहुदलवादीहरुको शानदार सहभागिता र नेतृत्वदायी भूमिका रह्यो. ०४३ सालमा झापाली आन्दोलनका राजबन्दीहरु जेलबाट छुटेपछि लोकतान्त्रिक पद्धतिबाट राष्ट्रको प्रगतिशील रुपान्तरण गर्ने कुरामा कांग्रेस र वामपन्थी बीच सदाशयता र एकताको विकाश हुन थाल्यो. मालेका महासचिवमा मदन भण्डारी चुनिए पछि बल्ल कांग्रेस – कम्युनिस्ट बीच कार्यगत एकता भयो र जनान्दोलनको बिउ रोपियो. नेपालका मानवअधिकारकर्मीहरुले यो लक्षणलाइ हार्दिकता पुर्वक सघाए. र अबको राष्ट्र मानव अधिकार, कानुनको शासन र मौलिक अधिकारहरुको प्रत्याभूति गर्ने खालको हुनुपर्छ भन्ने कुरामा उनीहरुले सक्दो प्रचार गरे. सिमित संख्या र सञ्चारको त्यो बेलामा जो जुन व्यक्ति र राजनीति संग नजिक थिए त्यतै रहेर योगदान गरे. असल कुरा के भयो भने बामपन्थी वा प्रजातन्त्रवादी सबैले मानवअधिकारका आधारभूत सिद्धान्त प्रतिको प्रतिवद्धता लिखत मै  व्यक्त गरे. ४५/४६ को आन्दोलन लगत्तै बनेको अन्तरिम सरकारले मानवअधिकार  सम्बन्धी महत्वपूर्ण अभिसन्धीहरुलाई अनुमोदन गरेर त्यसप्रतिको जवाफदेहिता दर्शायो. ०४५ को जन आन्दोलनका बेलामा बाम मोर्चाका तर्फबाट आन्दोलनको नेतृत्व गर्न म, नरेन्द्र बस्नेत र कमल कोइराला छानियौं र कांग्रेसको तर्फबाट स्वर्गिय चिरन्जिवी  रिजाल, नोना कोइराला र बद्री बस्नेत छानिनु भयो. म त्यतिबेला प्रजातान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय एकता मंचको केन्द्रिय सदस्य थिएँ. मलाइ राम्रो सम्झना छ ०४३ साल पछि गिरिजा बाबु बिराटनगर आएपिच्छे मलाई फोन गरेर कोइराला निवासमा बोलाउनु हुन्थ्यो र हामी बीच तत्कालिन राजनीतिक परिश्थितीका बारेमा चर्चा हुने गर्थ्यो.
०४५/०४६ को आन्दोलनको सफलता पश्चात ०६०/०६१ सम्म खासै सम्पर्क गरिरहनु परेन. ०४८ साल देखि इन्सेकले मानव अधिकार बर्ष पुस्तक को प्रकाशन आरम्भ गय्रो. भर्खर स्थापित प्रजतान्त्रिक सरकारले नियम, कानुन र प्रवृतिको ठुलो पर्खाल संग जुध्नु थियो. जनतामा तमाम अन्यायको तत्काल सम्बोधनको बेलगाम आकांक्षा थियो. सरकारले जनताका समस्यालाई तत्कालै सम्बोधन गर्न न सकेको अवस्था थियो. हड्ताल र आन्दोलनको लहर चलेको त्यो बेलामा सरकारी बलमिच्याइँ पनि देखिन्थ्यो. सत्ता र बिपक्ष बीच सहमति सम्झौता हुने गर्थे तर त्यसको पालन नहुने गरेको यथार्थ पनि थियो. जनताका मौलिक अधिकारको संरक्षण हुन नसकेका कतिपय घटनाहरु थिए. मध्य र सुदूर पश्चिममा कमैया प्रथाको नाममा आधुनिक दास प्रथा पनि थियो. सुकुम्वासी, मोही, हलिया, महिला विभेदजन्य संस्कार आदि कु-प्रचलन आधुनिक नेपालले बिरासतमा पाएको थियो. पचहत्तरै जिलाबाट यस्ता घटना र प्रचलनको अभिलेख गर्दा स्वतः सरकार र राज्यको आलोचना हुन जान्थ्यो. रोल्पामा भएको रोमियो अपरेसनका क्रममा पनि त्यहाँका स्थानीय जनता प्रति पुलिस ज्यादती भएका थिए. अरु जति पनि आन्दोलन-अशान्ति भए सबैमा बल प्रयोग भएका थिए र कतिपयमा सहमति-छलफलको सट्टा अत्यधिक बल प्रयोग भएका थिए. चेतनाका लागि नेपालका राजनीतिक दल र हस्तीहरु जन-जन मा जाने गरी साझा अभियान चलाउनु पर्ने बेलामा एकापसको अविश्वास र द्वन्दले देशलाई गाँज्दै लग्यो. दलहरु बीचको द्वन्द, दलहरु भित्रको बिखण्डन, राज्य कमजोर भएको मौका छोपेर अन्धाधुन्द बढेको भ्रष्टाचार र नागरिक असुरक्षाको स्थितिका बीचमा माओवादीले ०५३ सालमा जनयुद्ध को थालनी गय्रो. न्याय र राष्ट्रियताको नाममा मनपरी परिभाषा, अपव्याख्या र द्वन्दमा घिउ थप्ने काममा लागिपरेका नेताहरुको ध्यान दिर्घकालिन राष्ट्र निर्माणको रणनीति तर्फ जान सकेन. न्यायका लागि लडनु पर्छ, लड्न लाइ साधन-श्रोत जम्मा गर्नु पर्छ र भएका सबै संरचनाको ध्वंस गरेर मात्र नया निर्माण गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने भावुकतापूर्ण युवा परिचालन मार्फत माओवादीले पाइला पाइलामा अगाडी बढ्दै गरेको शिशु प्रजातन्त्रलाई निर्वाचनको पाँच बर्ष भित्रै अशक्त बनाइ दियो. पाँच बर्षको सानो अवधिमै राष्ट्रले गरेको विकाश र प्रक्रियाको आधुनिकीकरण अचम्भ संग मान्छेले बिर्सन थालेको देखियो. जनयुद्ध र त्यसको दमनको सिलसिलामा हुने गरेका मानवअधिकार र मानवीय कानुन उल्लंघनको बिरुद्धको क्रियाशिलतामा बाँकि मानव अधिकार समुदाय संगै मेरो पनि समय गुज्रियो. कहिले राज्यले र कहिले माओवादीले हामी जस्तालाई अर्काको पक्षको भन्ने आरोप लगाउँदै रहे. यहि बेलामा नेपालको द्वन्द प्रति विश्व समुदायको पनि ध्यानाकर्षण भयो र हाम्रो पहुँच र प्रभाव संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ लगायत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा फैलियो. हामी महिला, दलित, अपांग लगायत बिभिन्न समुदायका समस्याको उठान गर्थ्यौं र समाधानका लागि शान्तिपूर्ण र कानुनी उपचारको माग गर्थ्यौं. तर समग्र राजनीतिले ढाक्ने बिषयमा राजनीतिनै खल्बलिएको हुँदा हाम्रो प्रयासले ध्यानाकर्षण सम्म गराउँथ्यो तर खासै समाधान हुन सक्दैनथ्यो.
०५७ सालमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फौजदारी अदालतको स्थापना हुने हुने बेलामा हामीले नेपालको न्याय प्रणाली लाई बिश्वस्तरको बनाउनका लागि नेपाल त्यसको पक्ष राष्ट्र हुनु पर्छ र त्यसो भयो भने नेपालका अदालतबाट न्याय पाउन नसकिएका राजनीतिक र आम प्रकृतिका अपराधमा जनताले न्याय पाउने बाटो खुल्छ भनेर दलहरु संग भेट घाटको अभियान चलायौं. कांग्रेस अध्यक्षका नाताले गिरिजा बाबुले यस प्रति पूर्ण समर्थन जनाउनु भयो. तर त्यसपछिको पार्टी बिभाजन र अन्य वातावरणले गर्दा रोम बिधानको  अनुमोदन हुन सकेन. अहिले पनि माओवादीकै बिरोधका कारण  हुन सकेको छैन.
०६१ साल माघ १९ गते ज्ञानेन्द्रले जबरजस्ती सत्ता कब्जा गरे. त्यसको पर्सीपल्टै हामी ५०-६० जन अधिकारकर्मीहरु युएनडीपी कार्यालयमा भेला भयौं. तर शेर बहादुरजीको पालाको शंकटकाल भोगी सकेको अवस्थामा झन राजाले सेना समेतको साथ पाएको अनुभूतिका कारण होला राजाको सत्ता कब्जालाइ मानव अधिकारका मान्यता र कानुनी शासनको बर्खिलाप भयो भन्दै तयार गरिएको बिरोध बक्तब्यमा सहि गर्ने बेलामा हामी १२ जना मात्र भयौं. त्यसलाई समुह १२ भनियो. पछि त्यसमा बिस्तार भयो र यो समुह २५ हुन गयो. लोकतन्त्र पछि त्यसैलाई मानव अधिकार गृहका रुपमा पनि बिकसित गरियो. समुह -१२ ले निर्णय गय्रो कि अब राजाको सत्ताले दमन गर्न सक्छ. यदि दमन गर्ने सुरक्षा कर्मी बाट शान्तिपूर्ण आन्दोलनकर्मीहरुलाई जोगाउनु छ भने हामीले आँट गर्नु पर्छ. हामी आन्दोलनकारीको अग्र पंक्तिमा उभिनु पर्ने छ ता कि निलो ज्याकेट लगाएका अधिकारकर्मीहरु आन्दोलनकारीहरुको रक्षाकवच बन्न सकुन. मानवअधिकारको सिद्धान्त अनुसार भरपर्दो प्रतिनिधित्वको माध्यम बाहेक शासन गर्ने अधिकार कसैलाई हुन्न. र, राजाले जनमत र प्रतिधित्वको कुनै मापदण्डको आधारमा शासन गर्दैनन. राजाले सत्ता कब्जा गरेको करिब तिन महिना सम्म देश निशब्द अवस्थामा रह्यो. हामी संसार भरि राजाको सत्ता कब्जा कसरी मानवअधिकार र कानुनी शासनको बर्खिलापको जबरजस्ती हो भन्ने कुराको प्रचार गर्न र दुतावासका पदाधिकारीहरुलाई सम्झाउन मै व्यस्त रह्यौं. कतिपयलाई लागेको थियो कि निरंकुश शासकमा पनि इमान भयो भने बिद्यमान द्वन्द समाधान गरी शान्ति सुरक्षा  बहाल हुन सक्छ. लुकी छिपी भारत गएर एस. डी. मुनी लगायतलाई भेट घाट पनि गय्रौं. दिल्लीमा नेपाल सेन्टर खोलेरै पनि एक्यवद्धता समुहको निर्माण गरियो. भारत र अमेरिकामा सम्पर्क गर्ने काम सुशील प्याकुरेलले गर्नु हुन्थ्यो. ०६२ सालमा रोबर्ट केनेडी लगायत तिन जना अमेरिकी सांसद हरुको निम्तामा उहाँले देश छोड्न सफल हुनु भएको थियो जसको सहजिकरण तत्कालिन डेनिस राजदूतले गर्नु भएको थियो. बेलायत र युरोपेली देशमा डा० अर्जुन कार्की ले. भारतका समाजवादी नेताहरु र जे.एन. यु. लगायतका विद्वत समुदायले हामीलाई सहयोग गरी रह्यो. भारतका समाजवादी नेता स्वर्गीय सुरेन्द्र मोहनले नेपाल समर्थक समूहको नेतृत्व नै लिनु भयो. आन्दोलन चर्किंदै गएपछि हामीले संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघको मानवअधिकार आयोगमा नेपालमा जारी आन्दोलन र त्यसको दमनका सिलसिला र माओवादी हिंसात्मक आन्दोलन समेतले गर्दा व्यापक जनधनको क्षति हुने खतरा तर्फ ध्यानाकर्षण गर्दै लेख्न थाल्यौं. नेपालका राजाले गरेको सत्ता कब्जा नेपाली संबिधान बिपरित छ भनेर ०४७ का संबिधान निर्माता हरुद्वारा हस्तक्षरित उजुरी पठाउने तयारी पनि गय्रौं तर केहि महानुभावले अन्तिम समयमा मान्नु भएन. राजाले सत्ता कब्जा गरेको एक महिना नपुग्दै जिनेभामा पुगेर सुशील प्याकुरेल, अर्जुन कार्की, गोविन्द बन्दी , मन्दिरा शर्मा, रेणु राज भण्डारी लगायतले दौड धुप सुरु गर्नु भएको थियो. अन्त्यमा हामी तत्कालिन नेपालका तिन प्रमुख राजनीतिक दल हरू; नेपाली कांग्रेस, एमाले र नेपाली कांग्रेस प्रजातान्त्रिक को संयुक्त निवेदन पठाउने निष्कर्षमा पुग्यौं. मैले गिरिजा बाबुलाई त्यस्तो उजुरी र अनुरोध पत्रको बारेमा सबिस्तार बताएँ. उहाँले सुरेश चालिसे लाइ अह्राउनु भयो. भोलिपल्ट चिठी तयार गर्नु पर्ने थियो. शेर बहादुर जी र एमाले का अमृत बोहरा संग कुरा गरेँ. झलनाथ खनाल भूमिगत हुनुहुन्थ्यो. उहाँको सहि लिने जिम्मा सुबास नेम्ब्वांग ले लिनु भयो. तर सबैको एउटै भनाइ थियो कि पहिले गिरिजा बाबुको दस्तखत लिनुहोस. देउवाजीले त ‘ म त खाली कागज मा पनि सहि गरी दिन्छु’ भन्नु भयो. गिरिजा बाबु लाइ अंग्रेजी र नेपाली प्रतिमा दस्तखत गराएर बाँकि दुई नेताको सहि गराए पछि ०६१ चैत २५ गते त्यो पत्र संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा पठाइयो. त्यहि पत्रको आधारमा संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघीय मिशन नेपाल आउने निर्णय संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ ले गय्रो. मिशन नेपाल आएपछी आन्दोलनले द्रुत गति लियो. देशै भरिका आन्दोलनमा मानव अधिकार को सम्मान गर भन्ने नारा घन्किन थाल्यो.
गिरिजा बाबुले बिघटित संसद को पुनार्श्थापनाको अडान किन राख्नु भएको रहेछ भन्ने कुराको महत्व हामीले त्यति बेला थाहा पायौं जब अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय जमातले विश्व युद्ध पछि धेरै देशमा युद्धकालीन अवस्थामा चुनाव हुन नसक्दा पुरानै संसदले काम गरेको नजिर सहित कुनै हालतमा पनि जनताको सार्वभौम संसद बिघटन गर्न नपाइने तर्क अघाडी साय्रो. आन्दोलन अवधि भरि बिदेशी समाचारकर्मी र कुटनीतिज्ञ हरुलाई घरि घरि उहाँ कहाँ  लग्ने काम म गर्थें. उहाँ ले जहिले पनि भन्नु हुन्थ्यो कि आ-आफ्नो कामको जिम्मा सबैले पुरापुर निर्वाह गर्नु पर्छ र जस अपजस लिन पनि तयार हुनुपर्छ. आजको युग मानव अधिकार को युग भएकोले यसमा हाम्रो कमजोरी देखिनु हुन्न.
शान्ति प्रक्रिया र बिष्तृत शान्ति सम्झौता हुन्जेल मेरो उहाँ संग को हिम चिम प्रशस्त रह्यो. मलाई कुनै रोकावट भएन. तर हिंसाको औपचारिक बिश्राम नगरिकनै माओवादीलाई संसद र सरकारमा लैजाने कुराले मलाइ साच्चै दु:खी बनायो. जब माओवादी लडाका लाइ क्यान्टोनमेन्टमा राख्ने कुरा आयो मैले त्यसको पनि बिरोध गरेँ. मैले उनीहरुलाई मासिक पारितोषिक पाउने गरी गाउँ घरमै पठाउनु पर्छ भनें. उहाँले अन्यत्र कतै यस्तो गरिएको छ ? भन्नु भयो. मैले इन्डोनेसिया को उदाहरण दिएँ र नया गर्न उदाहरण खोज्नु पर्दैन पनि भनें. अन्तरिम सरकारका पालामा माओवादीको ज्यादती खुलेआम भयो. पुलिस, प्रशासन उनीहरुका अगाडी निरिह भए. ठेक्का पट्टा  सबै कब्जा हुन थाल्यो.
गिरिजा बाबुको देहावसान भन्दा तिन महिना जति अगाडी म उहाँ कहाँ पुगेको थिएँ. अरुबेला जस्तै उहाँले भन्नु भयो – खै अचेल आउनु हुन्न. मैले पनि पुरानै जवाफ फर्काएँ – तपाईलाई जरुरत हुँदा बोलाउनुहोस, तुरुन्त हाजिर हुन्छु, अहिले तपाइँ संग काम गर्ने हरुको पुरा फौज छ. जन आन्दोलनको बेलामा उहाँले कतै दमनको खबर पाउनासाथ मलाइ आफै फोन गर्नु हुन्थ्यो. मोबाइल वा अफिसको फोनमा पनि खोज्नु हुन्थ्यो. उहाँको कमजोर स्वास्थ्य देख्दा मलाइ साह्रै ननिको लाग्थ्यो र देशले एउटा भएको अभिभावक, भिष्म पितामह गुमाउने भयो कि भन्ने चिन्ता लाग्थ्यो. मैले अनुभूत गरेँ कि उहाँ माओवादीको घरि घरि कुरा फेर्ने र जबरजस्ती गर्ने रणनीति बाट वाक्क भइ सक्नु भएको थियो. मैले फेरी आफ्नो पुरानो गुनासो दोहराएं – ‘ तपाइले माओवादी सेना को मामिलामा हाम्रो कुरा सुन्नु भएन’. उहाँले भन्नु भयो- तपाईलाई थाहा छैन, मान्दैनन, के गर्नु? मैले भनें, नमानेको भए के गर्थे? फर्किन्थे? मैले मौकैमा उहाँलाई होसियार पार्ने कोशिस गरेको थिएँ. पाल्पा, कास्की, कालिकोट, गोरखा, लगायतका जिल्लामा युएन ले एक हजार डलर प्रति महिना दिन्छ भन्दै स्कुले नानी हरुलाई क्यानटोनमेन्ट मा पठाउने तयारी गरिएको खबर म संग थियो. लडाकुलाई वाई सी एल मा पठाएर शहरी रवाफ र श्रोत कब्जा गर्ने र युवा लाइ क्यान्टोनमेन्टमा राखेर सेनाका लागि तयार गर्ने रणनीति पो हो कि भन्ने चिन्ता मलाइ थियो. तत्कालिन गृह मन्त्री कृष्ण सिटौलाको खुला आलोचना गर्दै –  यिनले कुखुरो चोर लाइ कारवाही गर्न पनि सर्वदलीय सहमति खोज्नु पर्ने संदेश दिएर नागरिक सुरक्षा ध्वस्त पारे भनेर मैले सार्वजनिक रुपमा बोलेर र लेखेर बिरोध गरेको थिएँ. इयान मार्टिन लाइ मैले सोधेको थिएँ, लडाकु प्रमाणित कसरी हुन्छ? भनेर. उनले यो राजनीतिक र लडाई को बिशिष्ट प्रकृतिमा भर पर्छ भनेका थिए. मैले नेपालको जनयुद्ध को बिशिष्ट प्रकृति कसरी छुट्याउ छौ? भनेर प्रश्न गरेको थिएँ. मैले माओवादीले भन्ने गरेको हतियार हरुको प्रयोग, युद्ध कौशल, भूभाग कब्जाको दावी लाइ मध्यनजर गर्ने हो भने त नेपाली सेनामा भन्दा फरक मापदण्ड किन चाहिएलार भनेर सोधेको थिएँ. त्यस्ता प्रश्नको जवाफ अनमिन बनेपछि पाइन छाड्यो. अनमिन नेपालका अधिकारकर्मी संग तर्किएर काम गर्न थाल्यो.
म गलत हुन सक्छु तर मेरो मन ले भन्छ अन्तिम अवस्थामा गिरिजा बाबुलाई माओवादीले साह्रै कष्ट दिए. निराश बनाए. एउटा कर्मयोगीले  बाणको शैयामा, शारीरिक अशक्तताको अवस्थामा पनि नेपाली लोकतन्त्रको संघर्षमा एक्काइशौं शताब्दीको युधिष्ठिरको खोजीमै बित्नु पय्रो. आज माओवादीका लागि आफुलाई समर्थन नगर्ने जति सबै  जन-दुश्मन बन्न पुगेका छन. नेताहरु आपसी खिचातानी मा फसेका छन. र, अन्तिम सत्य को उद्घोष गरिदिने अभिभावक राष्ट्रले गुमाएको छ.
गिरिजाबाबु प्रति मेरो हार्दिक श्रद्धान्जली.
जी.पी. कोइराला, सेन्टर फर डेमोक्रेसीका लागि.
०६८ फाल्गुन १३. Feb. 25/2012.

Thursday, February 16, 2012

Problem of armed violence in Nepal – setting the scene:


(IDS/ODC, Kathmandu, Feb. 21, 2012) 
{ Talking Points}                                     Subodh R. Pyakurel.
                                                                   INSEC/FORUM-ASIA.
                                                                  
Good Intention (Target)/ Bad Objective (Philosophy):-
The violent struggle started by Maoist in Nepal in 1996 had targeted to abolish poverty, discrimination and injustice.
Human security perspective: we loosed in all fronts:
Organized Crime and criminal violence.
Human rights and Good governance.
Armed conflict and Intervention.
Genocide and Mass crimes.
Health and Development.
Resource and Environment.

From HR activists’ perspective we loosed the freedom:
Enjoyment of freedom.
Sense of security.
Equality in opportunity.
Access to capacity development.
Meaningful participation.

People were the looser:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness. (Thomas Jefferson, July 4, 1776 American declaration). Benjamin Franklin found property as creature of society and thus to be taxed as a way to finance civil society.
Vulnerable Population (at Transitional Nepal):
Inadequate  access to resources.
Poor legal protection.
Absence of Transitional Justice mechanism.
Lack of peace dividend.

Nepal UPR Counter report mentioned three main obstacles to the HR and Social justice of Nepali people:-
Impunity. Discrimination. Rule of Law.


Confused Rebellion:

Maoists believed the party can solve the entire problem with Loyal and Duty-bound cadres; that Laws are letters not the spirit; that people are supreme and they can replace technology, science and what not.
There are injustices:
Gender. Cast. Regional. Cultural. Political etc.
Discrimination and injustice are on decline. Awareness is on raise. Right to information is translating itself to Right to opinion. In next one year every VDC will be connected with Wi-Fi. Internet generation is emerging active.
Magic-solution is not possible.
Rule of law cannot be ignored.
Crime for politics is not acceptable.
The Comprehensive peace Agreement Nov 21, 2006 is a simple proof that revolutions end on agreement to follow the process.
Democracy is a process and facilitates your philosophy but peacefully.
Access to opportunity, Capacity development and Affirmative plans are possible.

Beware:
Forceful actions and attitude gives birth to criminal aptitude.
Money and Luxury becomes habit. When adopted for longer it becomes a culture. And experienced criminals adopt and progress quickly.
Leaders tend to unseen foes. Feel vulnerable. And activate silly things to keep cadres intact.
Restrictions (Moral and Legal) are contested with all force.
Leaders choose sentimental slogans and blow misinterpretation (Ethnic, Regional divides).
Change Agenda:
Affirmative Plan.
Social Responsibility Drive.
Accountability law.
Challenging Miss-interpretation of laws.
Penny wise pound foolish.
(Dividing Penny, Joining Pound)

Ref:
 #Key Development Issues in Nepal from Human Rights Defender’s PerspectiveLIDS/ODC Kathmandu, October 18, 2011, www.SubodhFreenep.blogspot.com.
# INFORMAL Vol.31, No 1, Jan-March 2011, Ongoing Transition in Nepal: Subodh Raj Pyakurel.




Tuesday, February 7, 2012

हास्यास्पद आश्वासन:



सरकारले विद्यार्थीकालागि ३३% छुटमा ग्यास र मट्टीतेल उपलब्ध गराउने आश्वासन दियो र बिद्यार्थीहरु दंग परे. असम्भव छुट र हास्यास्पद सन्तुष्टि देख्न पाइयो. सबैलाई थाहा भएको कुरा हो कि नेपालमा ६०% बालबालिका स्कुल जान्छन. शहरमा यो ८० प्रतिशतको हाराहारी मा छ. घर घरै विद्यार्थी छन. सरकारले छुट दिने भनेको एक्लो बिद्यार्थीलाई मात्र होइन होला. त्यसमाथि गरिब र किसानलाई पनि एक तिहाइ छुट दिने भनिएको छ. नेपालका ६५% जनता खेती किसानीमा छन. सरकारले नै ४०% जनता गरीबीको रेखा मुनि छन भन्छ. अनि यो एक तिहाइ छुट नपाउनु पर्ने को चाहिं बाँकि रह्यो कुन्नि. सबैलाई राहत घोषणा गर्नु पर्ने भएन र? तेल मन्त्री ८ अरब चाहिन्छ भन्दै छन. सरकार २ अरब बल्ल दिन तयार भएको छ.
यो घोषणा पत्यार लाग्दो भएन. जनता झुक्याउने मात्र मनशाय हो कि?

सुबोधराज प्याकुरेल.
बिराटनगर, हाल: ललितपुर.
www.SubodhFreenep.blogspot.com

Monday, February 6, 2012

Letter to P.M. BRB about Lal-Rakshak's allegation.


Hon’ble Prime Minister Dr. Baburam Bhattarai
Government of Nepal
Singha Durbar, Kathmandu                                                                5 February 2012


Subject: The labeling of ‘people’s enemy’ by Maoist mouthpiece


Honourable Prime Minister Dr. Baburam Bhattarai:

‘Lalrakshak’, the monthly magazine published by the UCPN-Maoist affiliated ‘Voice of Revolutionary Youth’, in its Vol 4, 15 Magh-14 Falgun 2068 issue has in its cover page and cover feature picked out the three undersigned citizens and declared, "These are the people’s enemies". We are bringing this serious matter before you as the country’s prime minister.
Beyond the fact that the cover feature of 'Lalrakshak' is filled with false accusations and imaginary reportage, you as the prime minister are in a better position to judge what kind of consequence can result when a Maoist publication declares anyone to be a 'people’s enemy'.
We all know that during the 'people’s war' period, under the declared policy of the CPN (Maoist), those designated 'people’s enemies' by its leaders and activists had to suffer 'physical action ('bhautik karbahi'), including murder (‘safaya’). The Maoist party has yet to make a public declaration abandoning violence, even though it has been nearly six years since it came above ground, signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and became the largest party in the Constituent Assembly and Legislature-Parliament through elections. Nor has the party announced the abandonment of its policy of 'eliminating' individuals it considers to be 'people’s enemies'.
In the meantime, Maoist office-bearers and cadres who acknowledge with pride having 'eliminated' the 'enemies of the people' continue to walk about freely in society. These office-bearers and cadres maintain to this day that their involvement in the killings of such 'enemies' were appropriate and in line with the decisions of the party.

Mr. Prime Minister, the recent decision by your government to legitimise decisions taken by the party’s 'people’s government' also suggest that the UCPN (Maoist) has not abandoned the institutions, policies and procedures of the conflict era. Further, the party’s senior-most leadership seems committed to maintaining the wartime mentality among the youth members, including through the continuous call to ‘revolt’ even when the Maoists are leading the government.

The latest issue of 'Lalrakshak' comes at a time when the topmost Maoist leaders have been attacking the undersigned citizens in public meetings, training programmes for party members, as well as through the press and electronic media. The fact that a publication which goes to thousands of party members has specifically identified us as 'the people’s enemies' is obviously an invitation to violence and intimidation. We would like to state clearly that if any kind of physical attack takes place against us as a result of this instigation, the leaders of the UCPN (Maoist) shall be held responsible and may not evade accountability by claiming that the action “was not sanctioned by party policy”.

It is important for the Maoist leadership to understand that we, the undersigned, will not step back an inch from expressing our views freely. We will not be cowed by the accusations made by 'Lalrakshak' and its brazen attempt to instigate the party fold. It is our understanding that the accusatory cover feature of the publication is part of a larger attempt to frighten and silence independent citizens all over the country, including journalists, rights activists and intellectuals. We also believe, firmly, that such a plan will never succeed.

The Nepali public is clear that stability and prosperity can only come through free debate allowed by an open, democratic society, and it is this general conviction which was behind the success of the People’s Movement of April 2006. If the Maoist party continues to make use of the press, television and radio to present fantasy and falsity in the garb of "investigative"
reportage, such as the 'Lalrakshak' coverage, this is bound to be counter-productive for the party itself. Further, we see such a tendentious campaign negatively affecting the peace process and constitution-writing at a sensitive moment.

Mr. Prime Minister, we three seek to serve society in our different sectors as free and unfettered citizens. Each one of us consider it our duty to enter into discussion and debate with those who may disagree with our positions. The attempt to instigate violence against persons who hold a differing position, in our view, can only push our society unto the road to autocracy. No proud citizen can be subdued by such campaigns of criminal intent.

Sir, you are prime minister not of your party but of the people and country as a whole. We approach you with two demands, also because it is your party’s publication which has launched such a dangerous attack on us citizens.

1)      We seek your public reaction to the coverage by 'Lalrakshak' that involves us.
2)      We seek appropriate action against the magazine and its editor for having engaged in threat-mongering.

Respectfully, we await word on action that you intend to take on the matter.

Signed/-

Kul Chandra Gautam, Maharajganj, Kathmandu
Subodh Raj Pyakurel, Bagdol, Lalitpur
Kanak Mani Dixit, Patan Dhoka, Lalitpur

Thursday, February 2, 2012

आज बाट हामी टुहुरा भयौं:



बडो दु:खका साथ खबर गर्दै छुँ कि हाम्री आमा को भर्खर बिहान  ८.३० (०६८ साउन-२८ गते जनै पुर्णिमा) मा देहावशान भयो. उहाँ ८३ बर्ष की हुनुहुन्थ्यो. हाम्रो बुवाको ०१८ सालमा देहावशान भएको थियो. हामी ४ दिदी बहिनी र ३ दाजु भाइ जे जस्ता छौं उहाँले नै सिकाउनु भएको कर्तव्य परायणता र सत्यनिष्ठताका कारण ले छौं.
उहाँको अभिलाषा अनुरुप उहाँको अन्त्येष्टि नारायणघाट पारीको गैंडा कोट मा हुनेछ. र हामी शुद्धि कर्म सकेर मात्र फर्किने छौं.
तपाइहरुको सहानुभूति र सहयोगका लागि हामी आभारी रहने छौं.
शुभेक्षु,
कुसुम. कुन्जना. बीना. सुशील.सुबोध. मीना र सुमन.

Restructuring Post Conflict in Nepal









[1] This Paper ‘ Restructuring Post conflict In Nepal’ is presented at the conference on March ---

[2] INFORMAL Vol. 31, No. 1, January-March 2011, Ongoing Transition in Nepal: Subodh Raj Pyakurel.


[3] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), and Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) are the core conventions ratified by Nepal.


Subodh Raj Pyakurel
Chairperson
Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC),
Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development FORUM ASIA Bangkok

Context

There have been regime changes in Nepal on several occasions through uprisings and organized popular movements. The power shifts from the Rana oligarchy to the king and the political parties especially the liberal Nepali Congress in 1951; the defeat of the party-less Panchayat regime introduced by King Mahendra and its replacement by parties in 1990; and the extirpation of the authoritarian king Gyanendra in 2006 were experienced in the country while being propped up by the people. Following the formal end of a decade long armed insurgency waged by the Maoists against the state on 22 November 2006, Nepal has been undergoing a transition from the authoritarian past to democracy.

The transition to democracy is full of problems and complexities involving various factors and actors. Nepal’s present transition to democracy has also been equally complex; primarily because of the multiplicity of discourses that has surrounded it. The chasm between the political parties has widened. The myopic and shortsighted political society has hyped the change as an end in itself. Neither of the big parties is without internal tensions and contradictions. The Janus-faced Maoists, since their entry into the peaceful democratic mainstream have adopted a deceitful policy by portraying one set of feelings and acting under the influence of an ulterior another. Furthermore, political stalem­ate in the country has been protracted unnecessarily and undesirably incre­asing the chances that such stalemate will ultimately polarize the parties as the groups that subvert or co-opt the transition[2]

In this context, this write-up discusses the present transition and restructuring post conflict in Nepal taking multiple aspects into consideration.

Supremacy

All democracies claim that people are supreme. Constitutional provisions, laws and Declarations always put beautiful words on this. Civil and Political Rights Convention has been formulated to make people aware and capable to Realize, Claim, Fulfill and Monitor their Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, envisioned by separate conventions. States incorporate Economic and Social Rights in their Guiding Principles but deprive to give it the status of Fundamental Rights.

Implementation of people’s sovereign rights is the duty of the state; having monopoly over the power and arms to execute and maintain law and order. Law and order are formulated to protect the people by serving their wants. Government defines this duty as Security.
Security
For the people, development is a social paradigm which gives equal and broader opportunities to all. They love and respect their social life and livelihood, their culture and heritage.

For the state, development is first and foremost, a revenue generating business that serves to interlink the demography with economic development. Opposition to any interference is crushed with force. We have seen that courts define the ownership of Land to the aborigines but minerals to the Government. With the power to dig, the state digs into mines and claims valuable resources; ignoring the ownership of the farmer.
Value of life
State has its security organs; the Police, Military and related institutions to implement its monopoly over the power. To avoid any challenge they intermingle the opposition to any policy with a threat to security. Defining the severity of the situation and necessity of the deployment of forces is the sole authority of the states. There is no concrete and wholesome legislation to guide and monitor state rule on the basis of Human Security. Life, Liberty and Dignity are the core values of Human being, a qualitative Citizenry. Human Civilization has been struggling to establish the value of life, a qualitative citizenry which respects and protects the wholesome character of life and livelihood of the people.
Such state authority gives rise to the challenge to establish Accountability from peoples’ perspective. Nation builds the state but the state grabs the nationalities.
Politics of today
Hatred, Division, Mistrust and marginalization has become the easiest tool to fool the people. Maintaining the status quo is much easier than changing the society and social relationships for the making of equity based society.  This is a Political luxury, which allows the state to not confront new ideas; instead the rulers seem to prefer to take a backseat and let things remain as they are. .
Inevitable outcome/Lesson to be learnt from Nepal
After 40 years of the King’s direct rule under the Party less Panchayat System, in which the King was above the constitution, and fundamental rights of Organization, belief and expression were controlled; Nepal achieved a Multi-Party Democracy in 1991. This was the direct outcome of the peoples’ movement. A new constitution was promulgated guaranteeing all fundamental rights to the people and making the country compatible on account of a modern democratic state. Nepal ratified important UN Conventions; ICCPR, ESCR, CEDAW, ICERD, CRC, CAT etc.[3]

Economic rights were incorporated in the Guiding Principles of the state. A new era and wave of awareness, assertiveness and a demanding generation started to emerge. The new democratic state focused on Human and Capital infrastructure. Education, Health, Drinking water, Roads became the priority of national politics. Media freedom and expansion covered every nook and corner of the society, from remote to urban settlements. People organized behind political parties. Long time paralyzed state structure, weak rule of law, persistent culture of discrimination and feudal values were still dominant in the society and quite often represented within the political structure and leadership. Quest for equity and greed for power clashed within and outside state and party structures. For the leaders, power was dominant whereas for the people, Justice and Service were important. Monarchy was made constitutional but commanded respect and influence over the structure; namely the Army and the Bureaucracy.

The first general election held in 1991 under first-past the post (FPP) system constituted a parliament consisting of NC (Nepali Congress) moderate democrats, UML (Unified Marxist Leninist) Marxist party believing in non-violent means of social reform, UPF (United people’s Front) Radical communists, RPP (National Democratic Party) believers in active guidance of Monarchy and several other groups representing Regional interests e.g. NSP (Nepal Sadbhavana Party) representing the Terai Region of Southern plains and close to  the Indian establishment. Nepal had already adopted a restructuring policy of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank from the year 1985 onwards. After 1991, adoption of free market policy and abolishment of the license regime, were incorporated at a faster pace. Subsidies were taken back. It was an era of radical privatization. Government corporations were privatized. Private schools and hospitals were encouraged. State was shrinking from the daily life of the people leaving them helpless at the mercy of the market. Sources of awareness; Education, Media and Transport were spreading but basic services which were needed and felt more by general public were shrinking. It brought the contradiction to its height in this period.

In the year 1996, the radicals formed (CPNM) Communist Party of Nepal Maoist, currently Unified Communist party of Nepal Maoist (UCPN) and launched an armed struggle against the state maintaining the theory that the parliament System is designed to outcast the poor and protect all forms of feudal and imperialist exploitation. They put all forms of discrimination into the basket of the political system. There was no mentioning of the role of social reform movements and/or the implementation of the rule of law in letter and spirit. The sole aim was to capture the state and run a single party proletariat dictatorship in the tune of Peru’s Signing Path and/or China or Soviet revolution. More than 13 thousand people were killed, Land and houses of thousands were captured by the Maoists, thousands were displaced and so were also the numbers of the disappeared and the wounded. Local and national infrastructures were demolished. Democracy had to suffer a big setback as elections could not be conducted on time. To crush the insurgency, the Army was on the move. The expired parliament was crippling. Local leaders had to leave the place. And in this vacuum, the King took over the regime in the year 2005.

After the 2005 episode, all mainstream parties and underground Maoists realized the importance of their unity against abolishment of the Monarchy for once and for all; the monarchy which had forcefully captured the first elected government in the year 1961 and imposed a Party less Panchayat System till the 1990 movement established a multi-party democracy. That was a father’s crime and the current one was the Son’s action. Realizing the need to abolish Monarchy, as a representative of Feudalism and the main barrier to progressive changes, they unified to struggle jointly through a peaceful movement. In the year 2006, the new movement succeeded with wider participation of society, media and international support. The dissolved parliament was reinstated and election was conducted to form a constituent assembly (CA). The CA election result gave the highest number to UCPN (Maoist) UCPN. Second largest was NC and third position to UML. Monarchy was abolished and a process of drafting the Federal Democratic constitution is in process and progress.
Methodological context
CA was entrusted to promulgate a new constitution by 2009 but in spite of extending the tenure by two years, it still seems very difficult to complete the task within the extended deadline of 2012 June. There are several reasons for contentions. In principle, a formal agreement has been made in the interim constitution to reform Nepal as a Federal and secular Country. There is a wider agreement on seeking progressive changes in the field of Economic and Cultural developments. There is no dispute on formulating affirmative policies for equitable development.
Development for the people from human rights activist’s perspective
·         Enjoyment of freedom.
·         Sense of security.
·         Equality in opportunity.
·         Access to capacity development.
·         Meaningful participation.
While practicing Human Rights for Development of people I realize FIVE aspirations and a strong commitment of the people to fight for:-
                             i.            Progressive Change for better future.
                           ii.            Protection of Freedom for dignity and choice.
                         iii.            Inclusive Politics for recognition and respect.
                         iv.            Good practices for development of culture of equality and equity.
                           v.            Human Rights, a fundamental principle to guide the nation in all situations.

The reality
The fighting partners; state and the Maoist are a hostage of their past. The rulers of past, till 2005, remember their blunders. Maoists realize their atrocities against people and destruction of infrastructure. Their cadres want to see a golden change in their life with the authority. Both have to rule the nation with a rule of law, fulfillment of international commitments and a diplomatic balance. In the past, all strategies of war were deemed valid under the political cover. Currently every step needs a logical and legal infrastructure. People are unable to believe their leaders. AdivasiDalit, Women and segments of backward section want to see immediate and practical transfer of political power. Ethnicity has become a major challenge. We cannot avoid our history of discrimination but we cannot also avoid the fact that Nepal is a country of mixed population where any single group does not command absolute majority in any district. Currently three major issues of contention have become prime hurdles: State Restructuring, Governance System and Army Reintegration.


Conclusion

Nepali experience of the democratic movement has marked indispensability and inter-relatedness of democracy, human rights and peace, and established that they serve as three pillars of an inclusive democratic system. Enjoyment of democracy remains merely an aspiration of the people without democratic governance. Similarly, without peace, meaning of democracy is just limited to 'paper' and that again cannot uphold the aspiration of the people. Peace, as an inherent part of social life, should always reflect justice and sustainability. Relative phenomenon of peace, however, does not merely signify absence of conflict rather embarks an environment where the space for enjoying democracy and taking part in democratic process are valued.

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Bibliography
Human Security Initiative (HSI), http://www.humansecurityinitiative.com
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)http://www.unodc.org/unodc/index.html?ref=menutop
UN ACTION TO COUNTER TERRORISM, http://www.un.org/terrorism/instruments.shtm

Mr. Subodh Raj Pyakurel
·         Chairperson of Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC), Nepal, Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA), Thailand and Human Rights Home (HRH), Nepal.
·         Executive Member of South Asia Forum for Human Rights (SAFHR)
·         Convener of NEMA (National Election Monitoring Alliance) and NCICC (National Coalition for ICC), Nepal.

Contact: +977 98510 26841 (Mobile), +977 1 4278770 Ext:-109 (Telephone) and insec@insec.org.np or subodh.freenep@gmail.com. Skype: Subodh.freenep.

Paper for:
International Seminar on Human Security in Northeast (India),
Indira Gandhi National Tribal University,
Regional Campus, Manipur.
March 2-3, 2012.